Hypertension

This disorder is characterized by an increase in the force of blood against blood vessel walls, particularly artery walls. The unit used to measure blood pressure is millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). In general, blood is defined as a blood pressure measurement of 120/80 mm Hg.

THE CAUSE OF HYPERTENSION

• Constriction of blood vessels
• Increase heart rate (cardiac output)
• Increase blood volume

LIFE STYLE FACTORS CAUSE HYPERTENSION

1) Age

2) Family history

3) High salt in diet 

4) Drinking alcohol 

5) Obesity 

6) Stress

7) Smoking

8) Inactive lifestyle

9) Disease related to kidney 

1	Normal	Less than 120	Less than 80
2	Prehypertension	120– 139	80 –89
3	Stage 1	140 — 159	90–99
4	Stage 2	160–180	100–110
5	Hypertensive crisis	More than 180	120 or more

TYPE OF HYPERTENSION

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION (SYMPTOMS) 

1) Bleeding from nose

2) Dizziness

3) Headache 

4) Sweating

5) Breathing difficulty 

6) Irregular heart beat 

7) Confusion

8) Nausea and vomiting 

9) Chest pain

10) Pain in neck and back 

SELF-MANAGEMENT  

• Exercise
• Stress Management therapy 
• Avoid smoking and drinking.
• Healthy Diet

MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION BY DRUGS

BETA BLOCKERS: Atenolol, Propranolol

ALPHA + BETA BLOCKER: Labetalol, Carvedilol

ALPHA BLOCKER: Prazosin, terazosin

DIURETICS: Chlorothiazide, Furosemide, Spironolactone

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER: Amlodipine , Nifedipine , Verapamil

(ACE) INHIBITORS: Captopril, Ramipril

AT-I RECEPTOR BLOCKER: Losartan, valsartan

VASODILATORS: Hydralazine , minoxidil .